Legionaries are depicted wearing the lorica segmentata and frequently carrying the curved rectangular shield. On monuments, Auxilia are generally shown wearing mail, not cuirasses, and carrying oval shields.
The lorica segmentata's use in the Roman army was geographically widespread, but the mail armor lorica hamata may have been more common at all times. This armor was used from about 14 BC to the late 3rd century AD. However, this is only known from one badly damaged statue originating at Alba Iulia in Romania. It is possible that there was a fourth type, covering the body with segmented armor joined to scale shoulder defenses. The time the armors were used overlapped. From 164 to 180, the Newstead type was used. From 9 BC to 43 AD the Roman soldier wore the Dangstetten- Kalkriese- Vindonissa type, from 69 to 100 the Corbridge- Carnuntum type was used. Over time the type of lorica segmentata would change. The latest known use of the armor was in the 4th century. However, it has been argued that these depictions are from an earlier monument by Marcus Aurelius, from which Constantine incorporated portions into his Arch. Soldiers wearing the lorica segmentata were depicted on the Arch of Constantine, a monument erected in 315. Īround the middle of the third century the lorica segmentata fell out of favor with the Roman army, although it did remain in use during the Late Roman Empire. Because the soldiers at the Battle of Teutoberg Forest wore the lorica segmentata, it must have been in use before 9 AD. One form of the armor was used as early as 9 AD. Another possibility is that the armor was adopted in 21 AD after the Revolt of Julius Sacrovir and Julius Florus. Although the exact time at which the Romans adopted the armor remains unknown, it is possible that the lorica segmentata was introduced after Crassus' defeat at Carrhae in 53 BC. Some sets of armor similar to the lorica segmentata dating back to the 4th century BC have been found in archaeological sites located in the steppe. The armor was originally used by the Parthians and possibly the Dacians, Scythians, or Sarmatians before the Romans used it. The tendency to portray Roman legionaries clad in this type of armour often extends to periods of time that are too early or too late in history.ĭespite the armor being commonly associated with the Romans, it was used by other civilizations before the Romans. The lorica segmentata has come to be viewed as symbolic of the Roman legions in popular culture. The lorica segmentata ( Latin pronunciation: ), also called lorica lamminata (see §Name), is a type of personal armour that was used by soldiers of the Roman army, consisting of metal strips fashioned into circular bands, fastened to internal leather straps.
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